
Introduction to Physical Anthropology
Online
Online Details
This course is completely online. You will need to purchase 2 text books for the course: Biological Anthropology by Michael Park (ISBN 0-07-353097-2) and Dancing Skeletons: Life and Death in West Africa by Katherine Dettwyler (ISBN 0-88133-748-X). Additionally, an important part of the course includes 3 documentary films which you will need to view by week 6 in order to pass the course! All of the text books and films are available at the reserve desk of the Gavilan library. The videos are also available at your local and online video stores. Please make sure you access these films before the assignments based on them are due. They are all from the 2001 PBS series called Evolution. The 3 films required for this course are: 1) Darwin’s Dangerous Idea; 2) The Evolutionary Arms Race; and 3) Great Transformations.
For more information about online classes, as well as tips for success, see Gavilan's Distance Education webpage. The Gavilan Library will offer several orientations to online courses during the first two weeks of the semester. If you have never taken an online course, this orientation will provide critical information to help you be successful in this class. If you are unable to attend an orientation on campus, an online tutorial will be available. Visit the Library Homepage for more details and a schedule of orientations. |
Course Description
What does it mean to be human? How did we become human? We will explore these core questions through our introduction to physical anthropology, a branch of anthropology that seeks to understand, from a biological point of view, what it means to be a human being. More specifically, biological anthropology examines these questions:
- What biological characteristics define the human species?
- How do our genes code for these characteristics?
- What role does the environment play in shaping our traits?
- How does evolution work and how does it apply to us?
- What is the physical record of our evolution?
- How does the biological variation we see in our species today evolve and what do the variable traits mean?
- What can we learn about ourselves by studying the genes, bodies, and behavior of our closest living relatives, the nonhuman primates (prosimians, monkeys, and apes)?
- How can our understanding of human biology help us to resolve current social and political problems, such as the unequal treatment of groups of people based on assumptions about biological difference?
In addition to reading our text book, we will spend the first half of our course reading an ethnography (book written by an anthropologist based on on-site field research) written by biocultural anthropologist Katherine Dettwyler about her fieldwork among malnourished children in Mali, West Africa. Reading an ethnography will offer us the opportunity to experience what an anthropologist actually does in the field. We will discuss the challenges of conducting research in another culture and how such challenges become part of anthropological method and knowledge. |
Course Learning Outcomes
- Demonstrate what science is by explaining how scientific theory is developed
- Describe the place of Homo sapiens in the animal kingdom
- Examine how evolution works in terms of the four forces of evolution
- Describe the general physical features of modern humans and compare them with the fossil hominids and non-human primates
- Identify important theories, concepts and data that demonstrate an understanding of human evolution from the fields of genetics, archaeology, geology, and anatomy
- Apply the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism to the study of human evolution
- Each of the above outcomes will be measured by: quizzes, response papers, exams, discussion participation, and a final research project.
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Course Organization
This course is divided into 3 parts, following your text book:
1. We start with a survey of the principles of evolution and biological inheritance, so that we can understand how the idea of human evolution has taken shape. Because the evolutionary processes that have produced modern humans are the same processes that have produced every single species that has ever inhabited this planet, evolution and its application to the human species is a central theme of biological anthropology.
2. The second part of the course looks at the anatomy, behavior and evolution of our nearest relatives, the non-human primates. Although we often think of ourselves as quite different from other animals, we can learn much about ourselves by studying the genes, bodies and behavior of our closest living relatives, and apply this knowledge to help answer questions about the origins and development of early human behavior.
3. The third part of the course examines the human fossil and archaeological record, which is made up of the physical remains of our ancestors and the traces of their behavior. We will look at evidence revealing:
- When and where our human ancestors first stood erect and when they began to “act human”
- Where, when, and why tools were invented
- What we know about the origins of language, art, and the many other social and cultural practices we consider so “human” today
- The biological and cultural evolution from the earliest direct human ancestors down to today, and perhaps in the future!
- The biological and adaptational reasons underlying today’s human diversity.
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Texts
Texts and videos are available at the Gavilan College Bookstore and on reserve at the library.
Required:
Park, Michael. 2007. Biological Anthropology.
Dettwyler, Katherine. 1994. Dancing Skeletons: Life and Death in West Africa.
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Course Requirements
Assignments |
90 points |
Quizzes & Response Papers |
100 points |
2 Midterms |
200 points total (100 points each) |
Final Exam |
150 points |
Research Presentation |
60 points |
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Assignments (90 points)
Completetion of all class ASSIGNMENTS, including discussions, is REQUIRED. If you miss 4 assignments, you will be dropped from the course. Although I will make an effort to send you a courtesy email if you have missed 4 assignments, it is your responsibility to contact me regarding missed assignments. It is my policy to drop any student who has missed 4 assignments. Be prepared to read about 40 to 60 pages a week! Please read critically and take notes, making sure you understand the authors’ main points. Also, I encourage you to keep a personal reading journal in which you write down your reflections and questions for discussion.
Pease note that your reading and written assignments are usually due every Thursday of the course, so pace yourself accordingly. There are a few exceptions, however. I suggest that you access this course site at least 4-5 times a week to keep up with regular announcements & to become a part of our course “culture.”
Quizzes & Response Papers (100 points total)
Several multiple choice and short answer quizzes based on course readings and lectures will be given throughout the semester. Response papers based on specific readings or films will be assigned in advance. Please note that your quizzes take place on Mondays and Fridays.
A response paper is 280-560 words (1-2 pages). While it is a relatively open format, your response paper should deal with one or a few of the main points made by the author or film. I am interested in your critical thinking here: tell me what you think about the piece. While some summary is fine, I do not want a summary paper. Each response paper should refer to at least 3 specific examples from the text or film. When getting started, you might consider these questions: Given what the author or film was trying to convey, do you agree or disagree? Why or why not? Do you have lingering questions about the material presented? Did you appreciate the piece? Why or why not?
Exams (350 points total: 200 for midterms and 150 for final)
The 2 Midterm and Final Exams will consist of multiple choice and short answer questions. Questions will be based on assigned readings, topics covered in lectures, and videos.
Research Presentation (60 points)
Each student is required to prepare one project for her or his final assignment. Use your curiosity and creativity to think up an exciting project addressing any topic in biological anthropology. You will share your project with the whole class by attaching it to a group email. Then, the class will have the opportunity to respond to each presentation.
After doing your research, you will put together a brief power point presentation (or website, if you have the skills) about a topic of your choice. Like my power point presentations throughout the semester, your presentation should contain graphics, text (your own words!), and links (where appropriate). Observational, descriptive, and analytic projects are all possible. While I will help you with various leads for finding relevant information, the bulk of the research is left up to you! Use at least 3 sources for your research. At least 1 source should come from a "peer-reviewed" (scholarly) book or journal such as Scientific American. Be sure to cite your sources on the last slide.
I have made several Scientific American articles available at http://hhh.gavilan.edu/dklein/scientific_american_links.html. For ideas, please check these out. You will need your Gavilan library card number to access the articles. |
Zoo Extra Credit (25 points maximum)
If you would like to earn extra credit, you can take a trip to the San Francisco Zoo to observe and document the behavior of human and nonhuman primates. However, you must wait until we reach the second part of the course and consult with me before you go. I will give you an observation packet upon which to record your data.
Supplemental Books or Videos Extra Credit (20 points maximum)
You can also write a 2 page response paper to an article, book, or video that is relevant to our course content. Throughout our syllabus, I recommend several videos to supplement this course. They are all excellent and will undoubtedly enhance your understanding of the course content. You can earn up to 10 points for each response. You can submit up to 2 response papers for extra credit for a total of 20 points.
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Semester Grade
YOU MUST COMPLETE ALL OF THE ABOVE IN ORDER TO PASS THE COURSE. Your semester grade is based upon the total number of points you accumulate (assignments + quizzes&response papers + exams + research presentation + extra credit):
Total Possible Points = 600 points (minus extra credit)
537 + points = A, 477-536 = B, 417-476 = C, 416-356 = D, below 360 = No Pass
Important Notes
Students requiring special services or arrangements because of hearing, visual, or other disabilities should contact their instructor, counselor, or the Disability Resource Center (DRC) at 848-4865.
Students are expected to exercise academic honesty and integrity. Violations such as cheating and plagiarism will result in disciplinary action which may include recommendation for dismissal.
Lecture notes are in PowerPoint format. If you do not have Microsoft PowerPoint, you can still access my lectures by using the PowerPoint Viewer, downloadable for free at the Microsoft Download Center at: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/. Once you are there, search for PowerPoint Viewer 2007. |
Course Organization
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Weekly Topics, Assigned Readings, and Writing Assignments |
Week 1 |
WHERE DO HUMANS COME FROM? |
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FRI Sept 5 |
Welcome!
Reading Due:
- Lecture: Origin Stories: Where Do We Come From?
Assignments Due:
- Post your introduction to the class
- Where Do Humans Come From?
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Week 2 |
WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY? |
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TH Sept 11 |
Reading Due:
- Park, Ch.1
- Dettwyler, Chs. 1 & 2
- Lecture: What is Biological Anthropology?
Assignment Due:
- What is Biological Anthropology? & Dettwyler, Chs. 1 & 2
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Week 3 |
THE EVOLUTION OF EVOLUTION |
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TH Sept 18
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Reading Due:
- Park, Ch. 2
- Dettwyler, Chs. 3 & 4
- Lecture: Evolution of Evolution
Assignment Due:
- The Evolution of Evolution & Dettwyler, Chs. 3 & 4
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Week 4 |
EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS |
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TH Sept 25 |
Reading Due:
- Park, Ch. 3
- Dettwyler, Chs. 5 & 6
- Lecture: Darwin and Wallace
- Lecture: Mendelian Genetics
Helpful Websites:
Assignments due:
- Quiz: Evolutionary Genetics
- Quiz: Darwin’s Dangerous Idea Response
- Assignment: Dettwyler, Chs. 5 & 6
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Week 5 |
THE PROCESSES OF EVOLUTION |
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MON Sept 29 |
Timed Quiz 1: Park, Chs. 1-3
Opens @ 8am, Closes @ 11:45pm (30 minutes) |
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TH Oct 2 |
Reading Due:
- Park, Ch. 4
- Dettwyler, Chs. 7 & 8
- Lecture: Processes of Evolution
Assignment Due:
- The Processes of Evolution & Dettwyler, Chs. 7 & 8
Helpful Websites:
DNA From the Beginning Detailed animated primer on the basics of DNA, genes and heredity
Nobel e-Museum DNA Detailed description of all aspects of molecular genetics, with assorted animations |
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Week 6 |
THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES |
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TH Oct 9 |
Reading Due:
- Park, Chs. 5 & 6
- Dettwyler, Chs. 9 & 10
- Lecture: Origin of Species
Required Videos 2 & 3 Due:
- The Evolutionary Arms Race
- Great Transformations
Recommended Video:
Assignments Due:
- Quiz: The Evolutionary Arms Race
- Quiz: Great Transformations
- Assignment: Dettwyler, Chs. 9 & 10 and Midterm 1 Review
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FRI Oct 10 |
Timed Quiz 2: Park, Chs. 5 & 6 and Dettwyler, Chs. 5-10
Opens @ 8am, Closes @ 11:45pm (30 minutes)
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Week 7 |
MIDTERM 1 |
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TH Oct 16 &
FRI Oct 17 |
MIDTERM 1
Opens Oct 16 @ 8am, Closes Oct 17 @ 11:45pm (2 hours) |
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Week 8 |
THE PRIMATES |
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TH Oct 23 |
Reading Due:
Recommended Videos:
- Life in the Trees
- The New Chimpanzees
Assignment due:
- The Primates & Dettwyler, Chs. 11 & 12
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Week 9 |
PRIMATE BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN EVOLUTION |
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TH Oct 30 |
Reading Due:
- Park, Ch. 8
- Dettwyler, Chs. 13 – 14
- Lecture: Nonhuman Primate Behavior
- Lecture: Primate Social Behavior
Assignments Due:
- Quiz: Dettwyler reading response
- Primate Behavior and Human Evolution
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Week 10 |
STUDYING THE HUMAN PAST |
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TH Nov 6 |
Reading Due:
- Park, Ch. 9
- Lecture: Fossils and Comparative Anatomy
Assignment Due:
- Studying the Human Past and Midterm 2 Review
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Week 11 |
MIDTERM 2 |
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TH Nov 13 &
FRI Nov 14
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MIDTERM 2
Opens Nov 13 @ 8am, Closes Nov 14 @ 11:45pm (2 hours)
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Week 12 |
EVOLUTION OF THE HOMINIDS |
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TH Nov 20 |
Reading Due:
- Park, Ch. 10
- Lecture: Primate Evolution
- Lecture: Human Evolution: Genus Australopithecus & Paranthropus
- Hominid Evolution handout
Assignment Due:
- Evolution of the Hominids
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Week 13 |
THE EVOLUTION OF GENUS HOMO |
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WED Nov 26 |
Reading Due:
- Park, Ch. 11
- Lecture: Human Evolution: Genus Homo
Assignment Due:
- The Evolution of Genus Homo
Recommended Videos:
- Mysteries of Mankind
- Neanderthals on Trial
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MON Dec 1 |
Timed Quiz 3: Park, Chs. 10 & 11
Opens @ 8am, Closes @ 11:45pm (30 minutes) |
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Week 14 |
HUMAN BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY |
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TH Dec 4 |
Reading Due:
- Park, Chs. 14 & 15
- Lecture: Race
Recommended Video:
- Race: The Power of an Illusion
Assignment Due:
- Human Biological Diversity
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Week 15 |
YOUR RESEARCH |
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TH Dec 11 |
Assignment Due:
- Your Research Presentation
- Responses to 2 Classmates’ Presentations
Work On:
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Week 16 |
FINAL EXAM |
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MON Dec 15 &
TUES Dec 16 |
FINAL
Opens Dec 15 @ 8am, Closes Dec 16 @ 11:45pm (2 hours) |
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